Faraday proposed the idea that the space surrounding the magnet was filled with “lines of force”: the magnetic force was manifest as invisible lines. In explaining how electromagnetic induction occurred, Faraday resorted to a physical model: the familiar phenomenon of the way that iron filings on a sheet of paper arrange themselves in a pattern of lines about a magnet ( Fig. The concept of field, along with the Faraday effect, was to become a cornerstone of James Clerk Maxwell's electromagnetic theory, and also Einstein's General Theory of Relativity and present-day progress towards a deeper understanding of the nature of the physical world. Over 60 years ago, Kondo, an eminent US physicist, writing in the Scientific American 2 said that Faraday started the revolution which upset the long reign of Newton and rebuilt physics on new theoretical foundations. Whilst many regard electromagnetic induction as Faraday's most celebrated discovery, others have argued equally for his introduction of the concept of “field” and for demonstrating that the plane of polarisation of a light beam was influenced by a magnetic field – the so-called Faraday effect. When we consider the magnitude and extent of his discoveries, and their influence on the progress of science and industry, there is no honour too great to pay to the memory of Michael Faraday – one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time.” “ The more we study the work of Faraday with the perspective of time, the more we are impressed by his unrivalled genius as an experimenter and a natural philosopher. On the centenary of the discovery of electromagnetic induction, Lord Rutherford, writing in The Times, said: Andrew, 1 at a Friday Evening Discourse in the Royal Institution (RI), where Faraday lived and worked, and made almost all of his multiplicity of discoveries. This fact was demonstrated in 1986 by a principal founder of both NMR and MRI, E. What is not widely appreciated is that the numerous modern instruments deployed in chemical, medical and adjacent subjects, such as NMR and ESR spectrometers, as well as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), also utilize electromagnetic induction in their mode of operation. This discovery led to the dynamo, transformer and other electrical machines, and later the industrial-scale generation of energy, as well as the establishment of the discipline of electrical engineering. The current passes in one direction when the magnet is inserted into the coil and in the other when it is retracted.

The energy that goes into the electrical current comes from the work done by moving the magnet.

1 An illustration of the nature of electromagnetic induction, in which electricity is produced when conducting wires move past his imagined lines of force (see Fig.

They are areas of probability (90% of the electron probability)*Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer performed experiments to support the wave mechanical model.Fig. Wave Mechanical Model*Electrons can act like particles and waves (just like light)*Electrons occupy orbitals. Moseley’s Atomic #Each element contains a unique number of protons. Rutherford’sNucleus TheoryA positive charge is not like a pudding, but concentrated in the nucleus as shown in the Gold Foil (alpha particle) experimentīohr’s Orbit Model*Electrons orbit the nucleus.*Model based on the hydrogen atom*Energy of the electrons is quantized. Thomson’s PlumPudding Model, 1900Electrons are dispersed ina uniform positive charge. Measured the charge of an electron using oil droplets.Electron’s charge: 1.60 x 10^-19 CElectron’s mass: 9.11 x 10^-28 gĭalton’s Atomic Theory1) Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms.2) Atoms of one element are identical while atoms of different elements are different.3) Conservation of atoms- a rearrangement in RXN (Lavoisier previously stated this is in terms of the Law of Conservation of Matter)4) Different atoms form compounds in constant ratios.(Proust previously stated this in terms of the constant mass ratios) Robert Millikan-1909 and Ernest Rutherford-1909 The structure of atoms are somehow related to electricityĭiscovered atoms have negative particles (electrons) using a cathode-ray tube.Discovered electron’s charge to the mass ratio: 1.76 x 10^8 C/g All matter around us is made of indivisible tiny particles- “atoms”

Michael faraday atomic theory